The Leaky Gut Protocol:
Leaky gut or intestinal permeability syndrome is a condition in which the gut lining is damaged. In this condition, large food particles, bacteria and environmental toxins are able to seep into the blood stream and cause problems in the body. This article goes into detail on various supplement strategies to help the body heal and seal the gut through our leaky gut protocol.
As a clinician, I always suspect leaky gut whenever I have patients with chronic immune related issues. There are many factors that contribute to the development of leaky gut syndrome, and I discuss this all in detail in this article here
In this article, I detail as well as possible, the stages I take my clients through on the leaky gut protocol. There is a tremendous amount of variability from person to person, but this is the foundational elements of the leaky gut protocol, and I give advice on what to do if certain symptoms pop-up along the way.
The Problem with Leaky Gut and Dysbiosis
Your gut is home to trillions of microorganisms. Some of these bacteria are beneficial for your body, others are not so much. You need a healthy balance of good and bad bacteria, with more of the good guys, to maintain health.
Unfortunately, a poor diet, environmental toxin exposure, stress, unhealthy lifestyle choices, antibiotics, other medication use, and other factors can result in gut microbiome imbalance, also called gut dysbiosis. Gut dysbiosis can increase the risk of chronic inflammation, chronic symptoms, and chronic health issues. It may also lead to leaky gut syndrome and related problems.
In a healthy body, your gut lining is healthy, it is naturally semi-permeable. This means that your gut lining allows important micronutrients to pass through tiny junctions or holes into your bloodstream.
We are talking about very small gateways that don’t allow microbes, toxins, and undigested food particles to get through to your bloodstream to keep your body healthy. These pathogens and harmful substances will be eliminated through urine and stool instead.
However, inflammatory foods, environmental toxins, chronic stress, gut dysbiosis, infections, and other factors may compromise your gut lining.
Leaky Gut and Chronic Inflammation
Over time these factors can seriously damage your gut lining and break apart these tiny passageways creating bigger holes. When bigger holes develop, your gut lining becomes permeable, and you develop leaky gut syndrome or intestinal permeability.
This means that microbes, toxins, undigested large food particles, and other pathogens can easily pass into your bloodstream and cause serious damage to your body.
Leaky gut syndrome can increase chronic inflammation, compromise your immune system, and cause chronic health issues. It may result in an ongoing chronic immune response to these foreign substances, which increases the risk of chronic symptoms, autoimmunity, and other health problems.
According to a 2012 review published in Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology and a 2017 review published in Frontiers in Immunology, leaky gut syndrome can increase the risk of intestinal permeability (1, 2).
A 2021 study published in PLoS One has found that leaky gut syndrome may also increase the risk of metabolic health issues (3). Thus, it’s critical that we take leaky gut syndrome and gut dysbiosis seriously to prevent and improve related health issues.
The Cell Danger Response and Leaky Gut
The cell danger response (CDR) is a relatively new theory to explain many chronic illnesses. A 2013 review published in Mitochondrion has explained the cell danger response as a critical evolutionarily conserved metabolic response that is part of your body’s innate defense system (4). It helps to protect your body from any cellular threat, danger, and harm, regardless of if the threat is physical, chemical, or biological. The CDR always aims to maintain homeostasis.
Your body is a very complex system. Cells, that form tissues, organs, and bodily systems, work together to keep your body healthy. While there are many important components in this system, your mitochondria are one of the key players. It is the powerhouse of your cells that creates fuel and energy for your cells, tissues, and organs to function. It’s critical for energy, function, survival, and health.
The mitochondria also serve as energy sensors and cellular defense agents in your cells to help maintain cellular balance and homeostasis. If there is a significant energy drop and the energy supplied is not enough to maintain homeostasis, the mitochondria will recognize this as a threat to balance.
As a response, it will turn its focus from energy production and cellular metabolism to cellular defense. The cell danger response essentially refers to this switch from energy production and cell metabolism to cellular defense.
It may not be surprising to hear that the cell danger response and leaky gut syndrome are connected through the mechanism of defense, inflammation, and repair. As mentioned, the cell danger response gets activated if it senses a threat in the body.
The problem is that if the threat is chronic and the response becomes prolonged, it can turn into a problem and the cell danger response can become dysregulated, which may contribute to the development of chronic inflammation and chronic health issues.
As you know, leaky gut syndrome means that your gut lining is damaged, which can lead to chronic immune response and chronic inflammation. When pathogens pass through the intestinal barrier, it will activate your immune system, triggering the cell danger response.
Unfortunately, leaky gut syndrome is a chronic issue. This means a constant activation of the cell danger response which can prevent your cells from returning to normal function. Your body will be in a constant state of defense.
Moreover, when you are in the state of cell danger response, your cells may release various signaling molecules including adenosine triphosphate (ATP), cytokines, and other danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). These molecules may negatively affect gut microbiome balance and further widen tight junctions on your gut lining. This ongoing cell danger response may worsen leaky gut syndrome.
However, a worsening leaky gut syndrome will trigger the cell danger response further. This can turn into a vicious cycle.
Ongoing leaky gut syndrome and persistent cell danger response will only feed chronic systemic inflammation increasing the risk of chronic health issues even further. To stop this cycle and restore balance in the immune system, we need to address both leaky gut syndrome and the cell danger response.
Reduced Mitochondrial Function and Gut Dysbiosis
Reduced mitochondrial function and gut dysbiosis are also connected. The mitochondria play a vital role in maintaining cellular energy, regulating immune responses, and allowing healthy functioning.
If the mitochondria are impaired, it will impact the health and function of the cell. If these cells are located in the gut lining, they can compromise the integrity and health of the intestinal barrier, contribute to gut dysbiosis, and impact digestive function.
In gut dysbiosis, we see an overgrowth of pathogenic aerobic bacteria. In a normal gut flora, the gut microbiome is dominated by anaerobic bacteria. Anaerobic bacteria thrive in a low-oxygen environment of the healthy colon.
However, if there are gut microbiome imbalances and if the mitochondrial function is compromised and reduced, we can see an increase in oxygen levels in the gut tissues. This will allow aerobic or facultative anaerobic bacteria, including salmonella, E coli, Citerobacter, Klebsiella, Proteus, Campylobacter and Mycobacterium to grow and thrive.
These aerobic bacteria are pathogenic and carry the risk of various gastrointestinal issues, infections, acute and chronic inflammation, immune compromise, and autoimmunity. Some of these bacteria are specifically known as autoimmune triggers and histamine producers.
For example, Morganella spp is a gram-negative bacterium that may produce histamine. This can be an issue for those with histamine intolerance. High levels of this bacteria may also mean inflammation and may lead to diarrhea or SIBO. Klebsiella spp., Klebsiella pneumoniae is another gram-negative bacterium found in your oral cavity and respiratory system.
It can lead to abdominal pain, bloating, gas, diarrhea, or symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease. High levels may indicate gut inflammation. It may also release histamine which can be a problem for those with histamine intolerance (5).
Citrobacter spp and Citrobacter freundii are gram-negative bacteria. High levels may mean high inflammation in the gut and may be linked to rheumatoid arthritis. Fusobacterium spp is a gram-negative bacteria found in your mouth and intestines. High levels are associated with inflammation and autoimmunity (5). You can read more about specific bacteria that may trigger autoimmunity or histamine intolerance in this article.
In short, these aerobic bacteria can produce histamine and other inflammatory compounds. This may lead to an excessive immune response and increase pro-inflammatory cytokine levels.
Thus, people with poor mitochondrial function and related gut dysbiosis may experience poor regulation of the immune and inflammatory response and can experience chronic inflammation and immune system-related issues, such as autoimmunity.
Again, this can turn into a vicious cycle. Gut dysbiosis can increase bacterial overgrowth. Bacterial overgrowth can increase mitochondrial dysfunction and chronic inflammation.
This will further increase leaky gut syndrome, immune dysregulation, and autoimmunity, which will then only further contribute to gut dysbiosis. Thus, again, it’s critical that during treatment we focus both on mitochondrial function and gut health. Testing for gut dysbiosis and gut health issues is critical for identifying the right supplements and treatment approaches.
The Importance of Postbiotics?
You’ve probably heard about probiotics and prebiotics. How about postbiotics though? Prebiotics are a type of non-digestible dietary fiber found in various plant-based foods, including asparagus, Jerusalem artichokes, apples, dandelion greens, onions, garlic, bananas, leeks, jicama root, and yacon root.
Prebiotics feed the friendly bacteria or probiotics in your gut. This helps to create a variety of important nutrients, including short-chain fatty acids such as butyrate, acetate, and propionate. This process supports a healthy gut microbiome.
Probiotics are healthy bacteria found in your gut. They offer various health benefits, including improved digestion, better immune function, healthier skin, improved mental and brain health, reduced inflammation, and lower risk of disease. Probiotic-rich foods and drinks include fermented vegetables, sauerkraut, kimchi, kefir, yogurt, tempeh, and kombucha. They also come from probiotic supplements.
Postbiotics are metabolites or byproducts of the fermentation process by probiotics in your gut. Probiotics feed on prebiotics and produce probiotics. The three are part of the same process. They complement each other and all play a critical role in your gut health.
A 2020 study published in Nutrients has found that using postbiotics may be an effective strategy for improved gut health (6). Some of the health benefits people attribute to probiotics actually come from postbiotics.
Postbiotics offer many benefits, including improved digestive health and better immune function. Postbiotics can improve your gut microbiome, reduce infections and bacterial overgrowth, and improve the intestinal lining.
According to a 2014 review published in Current Opinions in Biotechnology, postbiotics from your diet may strengthen your intestinal microbiome (7). A 2020 review published in Nutrients has also noted the potential benefits of postbiotics for your microbiome health (8).
A 2020 systematic review published in Nutrients has found that supplementing with postbiotics may help to reduce the risk and support the treatment of diarrhea, laryngitis, and pharyngitis in children (9). A 2011 study published in Digestive Disease has found that postbiotics may help to reduce diarrhea associated with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) (10).
According to a 2019 article published in the Journal of Nutrition, postbiotics may be the key to reducing the risk of leaky gut (11). A 2020 review published in Nutrients has also found that postbiotics may help to support the integrity of the intestinal barrier (8). A 2018 review has found that butyrate may offer therapeutic benefits for inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) (12).
A 2021 study published in Frontiers in Veterinary Science has found that probiotics from Lactobacillus Plantarum, a probiotic strain, may offer anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties (13). According to a 2021 review published in Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, postbiotics may improve immune tolerance and offer a new strategy for food allergies and intolerances (14).
According to a 2014 review published in Gut, butyric and other short-chain fatty acid postbiotics may support the gut microbiome and may help to reduce diabetes and metabolic syndrome (15).
Types of Postbiotics Include:
- Short-chain fatty acids
- Enzymes
- Lipopolysaccharides
- Exopolysaccharides
- Bacterial lysates which are from a mix of bacterial components
- Cell wall fragments
- Cell-free supernatants made by bacteria and yeast
- Vitamins, amino acids, and other metabolites
Good Sources of Postbiotics Include:
- Apple cider vinegar
- Fermented vegetables
- Kefir
- Kombucha
- Postbiotic supplements
What is Butyric Acid?
Butyric acid is a short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) (16, 17). It is made in your colon mainly through the fermentation of dietary fiber by beneficial gut bacteria, particularly members of the Firmicutes phylum, such as Clostridium and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii.
Butyric acid plays a critical role in gut health and metabolic function. It is the main energy source for colonocytes, which are the cells in the lining of your colon. This means they support the integrity and function of the intestinal lining and gut barrier.
By supporting the gut lining, it can help to prevent or improve leaky gut syndrome, thus reducing the risk of related chronic inflammation, autoimmunity, and health issues.
We will get into the specific benefits of butyric acid in the next section, but in short, it offers anti-inflammatory benefits. It may help to regulate the immune system by decreasing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, supporting the release of anti-inflammatory molecules, and aiding immune cell health. It may play a role in metabolic health and reducing autoimmune and gut health issues.
Benefits of Butyric Acid
Let’s look at the potential health benefits of butyric acid in detail.
Strengthens Intestinal Cell Mitochondria
One of the major functions of butyric acid is to strengthen the intestinal cell mitochondria, which is critical for both energy production and cellular function. A 2023 study published in the International Journal of Molecular Sciences has found that butyrate is a key regulator in the mitochondrial function of glomerular endothelial cells (18).
A 2020 study published in Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity has also found that butyrate may help to improve mitochondrial energy metabolism (19). A 2011 study published in Cell Metabolism has found that butyrate may improve energy metabolism and autophagy in the colon (20).
The mitochondria rely on a variety of sources of fuel. Butyric acid can serve as an energy substrate for colonocytes, which are cells lining the colon. By acting as a fuel source, butyric acid can improve mitochondrial function which can increase energy metabolism, resulting in better integrity and function of the intestinal barrier.
Butyric acid may also help complete the cell danger response. It can also increase the expression of PGC-1 α mRNA, which regulates mitochondrial biogenesis to improve mitochondrial biogenesis, which is the process of new mitochondria being created. New, healthy mitochondria can improve the capacity of your intestinal cells to make energy.
This is especially important at times when your body is experiencing stress and damage. Improved mitochondrial function can also improve nutrient absorption which can help to repair damaged tissue. Moreover, improving mitochondrial health in the intestinal cells can improve balance in the gut and reduce the risk of leaky gut syndrome and other gut health issues.
Seals the Intestinal Lining
Butyric acid also has an important role in the intestinal lining, particularly sealing the intestinal lining, promoting the function of the tight junctions of the gut lining, and maintaining the integrity of the intestinal lining.
As you know, keeping these tight junctions on the intestinal lining tight and small is critical. If they become too large, you develop leaky gut syndrome, and toxins and pathogens will be able to pass into your bloodstream.
A 2023 study published in Frontiers in Microbiology has found that butyric acid may help to maintain gut barrier integrity by regulating Claudin-1 and synaptopodin expression (21). Butyric acid can help your body make proteins, including claudins and occludins, which can help to seal and tighten these junctions. This will help to keep the intestinal barrier semi-permeable so only nutrients but not pathogens and toxins can pass through.
According to this 2023 study published in Frontiers in Microbiology, butyric acid can also reduce pro-inflammatory cytokine production offering anti-inflammatory effects and immune-modulating benefits (21). This can help to further protect the gut lining and reduce the risk of developing leaky gut syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and other autoimmune conditions.
Butyric acid may also help the repair and regeneration of your intestinal cells, which can help to improve leaky gut syndrome. A 2023 study published in Clinical Nutrition has found that butyric acid may be a good option for improving gastrointestinal disorders partly because it can help to maintain the gut barrier and reduce inflammation (22).
Improves the Gut Mucosa and Immune Function
Butyric acid can also help to improve the gut mucosa and immune function. Since the gut mucosa is critical for protecting you from harmful pathogens and supporting nutrient absorption and digestion, it’s critical to keep it healthy. Butyric acid helps to improve the gut mucosa by promoting the growth and repair of your epithelial cells, which are cells that line your gastrointestinal tract.
By supporting the production of mucus, butyric acid can help to strengthen the gut mucosa and gut barrier, which can protect you from leaky gut syndrome, gut health issues, and autoimmunity. According to a 2011 article published in the World Journal of Gastroenterology, butyric acid may help to improve impaired intestinal inflamed mucosa in IBD (23).
Moreover, according to a 2021 study published in the Journal of Inflammation Research, butyric acid may help to maintain immune homeostasis (24). Butyric acid can modulate immune cells, like T cells and macrophages, in the gut to improve immune function.
It may reduce pro-inflammatory cytokines and increase anti-inflammatory molecules. Thus, it may reduce increased immune activation and the risk of chronic inflammation and autoimmunity.
Supports the Diversity of the Gut Microbiome
A 2023 study published in Clinical Nutrition has found that butyric acid may be a good option for improving gastrointestinal disorders partly because it can improve gut microbiome health (22). Gut microbiome balance is critical for your gut health, metabolic function, and overall health.
Butyric acid also has an essential role in supporting the diversity of your gut microbiome. Butyric acid is a byproduct of fermentation of dietary fiber by beneficial bacteria.
This means it can ensure a good environment for the growth of beneficial gut bacteria. It may also reduce the pH of the gut making it more difficult for harmful bacteria to grow but easier for the proliferation of the beneficial bacteria, including Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli.
The study found that it improves the diversity of the gut microbiome by pulling more oxygen out of the intestinal lumen for mitochondrial respiration, which reduces the aerobic bacteria and enhances the anaerobic bacteria diversity. It can also help your gut to break down dietary fiber easier.
This can improve microbial balance in the gut, a diverse gut flora, support immune regulation, improve digestion, and protect you from pathogens. Butyric acid can also increase resilience against gut dysbiosis, leaky gut syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, gut health issues, metabolic disease, and autoimmunity through these actions.
Reduces Inflammation and Autoimmunity
Butyric acid may also help to reduce inflammation and autoimmunity. It helps to modulate immune responses and support a balanced immune environment. One of the key parts of this process is reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β.
Increased inflammatory cytokines often characterize chronic inflammatory and autoimmune conditions, including IBD. Suppressing their activity may help to lower chronic inflammation and support the recovery of damaged tissues.
Butyric acid also helps the production of regulatory T cells or Tregs, which are needed for controlling immune responses. This can help to improve immune tolerance and reduce the risk of autoimmunity. As 2023 research published in Fermentation explains, it also helps to improve T helper or Th cell balance by changing the immune response from pro-inflammatory Th1 and Th17 to anti-inflammatory Th2 and Treg profile (25).
According to a 2020 study published in Ebiomedicine, butyric acid in the gut can autoimmune responses by supporting the differentiation of follicular regulatory T cells (26). While Th1 and Th17 cells are linked to inflammatory and autoimmune activities, Th2 and Tregs may help to support immune regulation.
By balancing Th cells, butyric acid can reduce the risk of chronic inflammation and autoimmune conditions and support homeostasis and health instead. According to a 2024 study published in Biomedicines, butyric acid may help to reduce autoimmune rheumatic diseases (27).
Reduces Histamine and Mast Cell Activation
Finally, butyric acid may help to reduce histamine levels and mast cell inflammation. Your mast cells play a critical role in inflammatory and allergic responses.
When they become activated from an allergen, toxin, infection, stress, or other factors, they release histamine and other inflammatory chemicals. Dysregulation or overactivation of your mast cells and high histamine levels from histamine intolerance can increase chronic inflammation, chronic symptoms, gut health issues, and other health problems.
According to a 2020 study published in Allergy, butyric acid may reduce mast cell activation (28). Butyric acid may help to regulate mast cell activity by lowering pro-inflammatory cytokine release.
It may also help to stabilize the mast cell membranes. This can reduce degranulation and histamine release, which can calm the immune system, reduce mast cell activation issues, and lower histamine intolerance.
By supporting the gut, butyric acid can also decrease excess mast cell activation in the gut, which is the home of many gut cells. This can reduce gut inflammation and improve gut microbiome balance which may lower the risk of chronic inflammation and chronic health issues.
What are the Butyric Acid Producing Bacteria?
The main bacteria that make butyric acid is the Firmicutes phylum including Clostridium species and some of the lactobacillus strains (21, 29). Other main butyric acid producers include Faecalibacterium, Blautia, and Roseburia (30).
Ruminoccocus, Eubacterium, Butyrivibrio, and Anaerostipes can also make butyric acid and there is a variety of bacteria that can also produce butyric acid to a certain level (31).
How to Support Butyric Acid Levels
So, what can you do to support butyric acid levels?
Address Factors Causing Cell Danger Response
The first thing I recommend is to address any factors that could be causing the cell danger response. Anything that decreases cellular energy or increases cellular stress can potentially trigger a cell danger response. Factors that may trigger or cause the cell danger response include:
- Biological stressors, such as viruses, bacteria, parasites, and fungi, as well as nutrient deficiency, nutrient depletion, poor diet, hypoxia or low oxygen, inflammation, oxidative stress, or circadian rhythm dysfunction
- Chemical stressors, such as heavy metal toxicity, chemical toxins, other toxins, and medications
- Physical stressors and trauma, such as accidents, injuries, burns, surgeries, and major infections
- Psychological stressors or trauma, such as divorce, loss of a loved one, emotional neglect, emotional abuse, major financial difficulties, and dealing with a chronic disease
So, what does this mean? Consider any factors that may be involved. Get tested for any microbial or pathogenic overgrowth or infection and inflammation from a functional medicine doctor and address it through diet and supplementation.
Address any environmental toxin overload. This includes reducing toxin exposure and detoxification. Follow a healthy diet and use supplementation to improve any nutritional deficiencies. Seek treatment for any injuries or similar physical issues.
Work through emotional trauma and stressors. You may benefit from working with a therapist, coach, or spiritual counselor. Meditation, mindfulness, journaling, yoga, and other strategies may also help to reduce stress.
Follow an Anti-Inflammatory Nutrition Plan
The next thing I recommend to support butyric acid levels is following an anti-inflammatory nutrition plan. Remove any inflammatory foods. This includes refined sugar, refined oil, artificial ingredients, sugary drinks and sodas, junk food, deep-fried food, additives, and ultra-processed food, as well as food sensitivities and food allergies.
Opt for anti-inflammatory, nutrient-dense real food instead. Eat lots of greens, vegetables, herbs, sprouts, fermented food, fruits, seeds, grass-fed beef, pasture-raised eggs and poultry, wild-caught fish and seafood, and wild game. Eat lots of healthy fats, such as avocados, coconut oil, coconut meat, olives, extra virgin olive oil, and animal fats.
Choose organic whenever possible and keep in mind the Dirty Dozen and Clean Fifteen list. Hydrate your body well with purified water and herbal tea.
Find Your Fiber and FODMAP Threshold
You may also benefit from finding the right fiber intake and FODMAP threshold for your body to support butyric acid levels. While fibers are good for your health, not everyone tolerates them the same.
The same goes for FODMAPs which cause issues for some but less so for others. FODMAP stands for Fermentable Oligosaccharides, Disaccharides, Monosaccharides, and Polyols. They are types of short-chain carbohydrates that act as prebiotic foods for the gut bacteria that are poorly absorbed in the small intestine, and found in a variety of foods, including certain fruits, vegetables, dairy products, grains, and sweeteners.
Just think about a bell curve with fiber and FODMAPs. Some people do well with a higher fiber and FODMAP diet, such as plant-based diets while others do well with low or almost no fiber, such as a low-FODMAP or carnivore diet. Most people do well with moderate amounts, which is in the middle of the bell curve, and include a healthy whole food-based diet with fiber.
This can take a bit of experimentation. It may be best to begin with a low-fiber and low-FODMAP diet and see how you’re doing. Slowly increase your fiber and FODMAP intake and pay attention to your body’s messages. Back off if you experience symptoms and stay at your sweet spot.
Consider Practicing Intermittent Fasting
Intermittent fasting is a dietary strategy that cycles between a period of not eating (fasting) and a period of eating (feasting), Practicing intermittent fasting can improve intestinal healing. It takes off mechanical pressure from the intestinal lining and allows time and rest to heal. Your gut lining only takes 4 to 5 days to change so the change can be actually very quick compared to let’s say a bone or joint injury.
Intermittent fasting also helps to balance and regulate the immune system by increasing T regulatory cells and decreasing inflammatory cytokines. This can reduce systemic inflammation and inflammatory issues.
Intermittent fasting can also improve the gut microbiome. It can improve the gut microbiome diversity and increase beneficial bacteria. It also increases short-chain fatty acid, including butyric acid levels.
When you look at the gut microbiome, you will see primary feeders that are on the top of the intestinal mucosa, which is the primary area of your immune system. There are also secondary feeders inside the intestinal mucosa which can actually eat the mucosa which helps to create postbiotics.
One of these is Akkermansia Mucinophilia. It does this by starving the primary feeders and supporting the secondary feeders. Eating all the time can actually reduce secondary feeders which can lead to issues.
Moreover, intermittent fasting can also stimulate intestinal cell mitophagy which can help to improve leaky gut syndrome. It can increase intestinal cell resilience as well.
The most popular way of intermittent fasting is a 16-hour fasting window and an 8-hour eating window. It’s called the 16:8 fast. But you may notice that you do the best with a slightly shorter or slightly longer fasting period. During your fasting window, you can’t consume any food or calories, only water, herbal tea, and in some cases, coffee. During the eating window, you want to meet all your nutrient needs into 2 or 3 meals, with no snacking.
Start out with a Simple Fast, a 12-hour eating window. Keeping the 12-hour fasting window is simple. If you finish dinner at 6 PM, you can eat again at 6 AM. With a 7 PM dinner, you are ready for your first meal at 7 am. Once you are comfortable with this, increase your fasting window gradually to 14, 16, and even 18 hours.
You don’t have to practice this every day unless you want to. You may benefit from 2 to 3 fasting days a week. I recommend 16:8 (16 hours fasting, 8 hours of eating) or 18:6 (18 hours fasting, 6 hours of eating) a few times a week and 14:10 (14 hours fasting, 10 hours of eating) at the minimum. You may learn more about intermittent fasting from this article.
Consider Using Immunoglobulins
Finally, I recommend using some immunoglobulins. Immunoglobulins, commonly known as antibodies, are specialized proteins produced by the immune system. They are designed to identify and neutralize foreign invaders like bacteria, viruses, and toxins.
They are a critical part of the adaptive immune response. They allow the body to recognize and remember pathogens. Immunoglobulins are produced by B cells and plasma cells in response to the presence of antigens.
A 2024 article published in Nutrients has found that serum-derived bovine immunoglobulin may help to reduce inflammation and improve gut barrier integrity (32). Using immunoglobulins may help to improve butyric acid levels by allowing the gut to neutralize pathogens and decrease gut inflammation more effectively. IgA is an immunoglobulin that may be great for improving mucosal immunity, creating a balanced gut microbiome, reducing gut inflammation, and supporting gut health.
Consider Using Supplemental Butyrate
You may also want to consider using supplemental butyrate. Oral butyrate supplements can be absorbed by your small intestine and also enter your bloodstream.
They may offer anti-inflammatory benefits. However, since your small intestine doesn’t use butyrate well, the benefits may be more apparent in the large intestine versus the small one. By being absorbed in the bloodstream, it can offer anti-inflammatory benefits to various organs.
Still, the best way to benefit from butyric acid is from your microbiome which makes it in your large intestine. Supplementation is an extra step that doesn’t replace the recommendation I just shared earlier to help your body make more butyric acid.
Introducing Tributyrn-X
I recommend using Tributryn-X. If you need support for a dysfunctional immune system, leaky gut, chronic inflammation in the digestive tract, food sensitivities, bloating, or digestive discomfort then your body deserves to try this supplement. It’s the most advanced formula on the market. It’s great for gut health.
Many clinicians we know use around 1,500 mg a day. And in certain cases, higher amounts than that. However, EVERYONE should start slowly with one capsule a day 500mg, as each person’s gut integrity, motility, and microbiome are different.
Each person’s effective dose can also be influenced by alcohol consumption, tobacco consumption, fat mass levels, speed of digestion (too fast might need more, too slow might need less), and other variables. This means you start with 1 soft gel a day and may take 1-3 gel capsules per day of Tributyrin-X or more as directed by your health provider.
Introducing Mega IgG
I also recommend using Mega IgG. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is the most abundant antibody in the system and can be found in blood and extracellular fluid, allowing it to control infections in the body. IgG antibodies can bind a variety of pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi, as well as their toxic by-products.
Binding these toxins will neutralize them and allow the immune system to safely remove them from the body. This supplement may help to maintain the gut barrier function and can also support your H Pylori protocol. It helps support the H. Pylori protocol and helps maintain the gut barrier function.
Unlike other milk-derived immunoglobulins on the market, Mega IgG2000 is derived from bovine serum, making it lactose-free, casein-free, and β-lactoglobulin-free. Take 1 scoop daily with or without food or as directed by your healthcare practitioner. Mix powder into 16 oz. of cold water or liquid of your choice. Stir for 20 seconds. For children under the age of 2, please consult your healthcare practitioner. Drink plenty of fluids
Final Thoughts
Butyric acid is a short-chain fatty acid (SCFA). It is made in your colon mainly through the fermentation of dietary fiber by beneficial gut bacteria. Improving butyric acid levels is important for improving leaky gut syndrome and gut dysbiosis. I recommend following my best strategies on how to support your butyric acid levels naturally to improve leaky gut, gut microbiome health, and gut health.
If you want to work with a functional health coach, I recommend this article with tips on how to find a great coach. On our website, we offer long-distance functional health coaching programs. For further support with your health goals, just reach out and our fantastic coaches are here to support your journey.
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Good information! My dad, 79 yrs of age, has been battling the above for two years now. He has lost a considerable amount of weight, has watery, uncontrollable diarrhea and has had so many expensive tests run. He took 4 rounds of Remicade – each round making his condition worse.
When he was up at Johns Hopkins, they found an intestinal parasite. This didn’t surprise any of us as my parents have been serving overseas as missionaries in West Africa for 30 plus years. They gave him a round of antibiotics and basically said, “There ya go!” (Still fighting this just as strongly as before.)
It is my understanding that parasites don’t leave that quickly – and if there’s one, there are others. Reading the above diet, I can’t see my dad, at his age, able to go on such a severe diet. Is there another option to restore his gut flora and provide him relief?
I started reading this article, and was impressed by the information, but then was introduced to one product, and then another, and another… I’ve just mentally dismissed this article as one big clever advertisement.
Sorry you feel that way Ella. This article used to contain no product info but I got tons of questions about what products to take so I included that. Just trying to make it as user friendly as possible. Blessings!
I am a hepatocellular carcinoma survivor! Diagnosed 12-2006. I am alive today bc God sent me a Angel on Earth who had cured herself of terminal lung cancer! I am alive after chemo & being given maybe 30 days in Oct. of 2009. I am still here with my liver & appear to be cancer free, will no after next b/w.in Jan. but I do believe I have the leaky gut syndrome atleast it sounds like it! I have such a problem digesting food & be constipated all the time I take a lot of turkey ruhbarb & diet is all organic, no meats!! I do take Bl walnut wormwood & cloves daily along with other supplements but this is really sounding like my digestive problem. Can u give me any advice I follow u on fb! Love ur recipes!!!!
Thank you. I was clinically diagnosed with Celiac last August through a functional medicine doctor aka one that isn’t insurance controlled. I have numerous food allergies, hypothalmus dysfunction, pituitary dysfunction, stage 3 adrenal dysfunction, reverse T3 dysfunction, anaphylactic to food allergens when unknowingly contaminated and that’s just off the top of my head. Much of my treatment I have done myself. I put in over 1500 hours of research in 2014 alone. 2015 isn’t over yet, but I’m wagering another near 1000 hours this year. Many want you to pay to get this leaky gut information. I appreciate that you set out a leaky gut protocol and provided supplements that one can choose to buy or choose to get their own. When this is over, I’m so getting certified as a health coach or something so that I can help others. Thanks so much!
Thank you Mignon! Keep up the great work with your research and studies on leaky gut. Your tragedy will be your testimony and I believe you will help many people! Many Blessings!
I’m so incredibly happy I found this info. I am trying to heal SIBO and my body is terribly inflamed. I know I need to do something different and this seems to be what I’m looking for. I also like the product recommendations because I have been reading about many of these supplements individually. I plan to follow the fasting suggestions as well as use some of these supplements. Thank you Dr. Jockers! I’ll write back and let you know how it works for me.
Thanks for making this list suggesting products! This made it super simple for me! Hopefully I can get my gut healed soon!
Glad to hear that was helpful for you Justin! Looking forward to hearing about how your respond.
Awesome Justin! We are rooting for you!
This is fantastic information! Thank you Dr. Jockers! I have no gut discomfort, but I have been battling skin issues since my pregnancy (baby is now 17 months) and have some suspected food intolerances. My naturopath also suspects adrenal fatigue. I believe leaky gut is my root problem. So, my question, would it be recommended to do the 3-5 day broth fast if dealing with adrenal issues? I would say they are mild.
Hey Jenny, thanks for writing. A 3-5 day bone broth fast with herbal teas (like ginger/turmeric tea) can be very helpful. Be sure to take time to get a lot of rest, lots of deep breathing, light walking outside at the park, grounding your body if possible (barefoot on grass/dirt/sand when you are able) and lots of water to help flush your system. Also, using a high quality collagen protein can be very helpful during the fast. https://store.drjockers.com/products/collagen-protein-1?variant=6440663361
Excellent information! I really appreciate that Dr. Jockers replies to many of the questions on here. So many Doctors are too busy and the questions get left unanswered, leaving people confused and not knowing what to do next.
Thanks so much Laurie! The meaning of doctor is “teacher.” I believe the greatest thing doctors can do is teach people the necessary skills to understand the unique rhythms of their body and how to troubleshoot challenges and get well naturally.
This is excellent, thank you! I’ve spent the past eight months on a comprehensive protocol to eliminate parasites (successfully), and now I am starting to re-tackle leaky gut. My holistic doctor doesn’t seem to think much of fasting in general, but it has always seemed a good idea to me. My body doesn’t handle it very well, though – I think there may be too much yeast, my cravings are insane (and I can put up with a lot of discomfort). Also, bone broth/collagen makes me super bloated (on top of my already bloated abdomen). Any thoughts on fasting in this case?
Also, how strong is your GI Regulator? Do you recommend rotating it with other supplements? I’ve taken Agrisept and Berberine at times among an arsenal of other antimicrobials that my body has managed to adapt to over time, despite rotating them regularly. For me, yeast elimination seems to be the crucial piece to figure out before the rest of the protocol will work. I’m currently on a yeast/fungus formula from my doc and a couple of immune boosters (red bee propolis, cistanche). I’m also taking Interfase Plus and Lactoferrin to break down biofilm – is your product different from these? Based on urine odor, it seems to be working…
Hey Bonnie,
So sorry to hear about your health challenges. Often you need to work on balancing your adrenals before doing a fast. People that are unable to fast, have worn down adrenal glands. If the adrenals are worn out, the body will be unable to heal and produce sIgA which is key for keeping Candida under control.
I would focus on the adrenals first! The wobenzyme is excellent for breaking down biofilms and the GI reg works great as it is a combination of anti-microbial herbs.
Okay, thank you. Trying the Adapt Strong and GI Regulator to start with. I have done adrenal formulas in the past but not recently (there’s so much to heal…kidney issues, too…that sometimes it’s hard to know where to focus! But I believe leaky gut is the root of a lot of it.) I appreciate your timely response.
Thank you for the great information. I have been following your protocol for three months and saw a decrease in Candida symptoms;however, I have been extremely bloated lately. I am even getting stomach pains and very uncertain why with my super strict diet. Any thoughts Sir?
Sorry to hear about this Victoria! Here are some reasons and suggestions: https://drjockers.com/5-reasons-why-you-have-a-bloated-stomach/
I’ve been battling low hcl acid and Leakey gut for years. Last week I started sipping on apple cider vinegar with water and noticed a huge change. First day I took a sip every half hour. Second day, every hour. Third day, a sip before meals. It helped so much! I can actually eat without horrible gas and headaches. Just wow.
This is SO GREAT to hear Natalie! I would recommend also adding in ginger tea and aloe vera which can also really help your stomach acid production!
Thank you for all the info! I have been going down hill for the last ten years and didn’t know what the problem was. Can’t have dairy or gluten….I am anemic…Have lost weight…Poor absortion of vitamins. I started ACV..Bone broth …Kim chi, fermented pickles…Sprouted pumpkin seeds too! I have eliminated so many foods. I do take an adrenal supplement a couple times a week and B12 daily. I watched the 700 Club today and Teri gave a word on someone with gut problems…I believe that was for me and I am on my way to better health! God is good!
Wow, that’s amazing Theresa, Praise God!
What a comprehensive article! Thank you for sharing this. Finally someone that makes you feel like they know what they’re talking about.I’m about to start your suggested protocol. I just have 2 questions.
Regarding the length of each phase. Is the reset phase 30 days followed by another 30 days of the rebuilding phase + the reset phase supplements? Or is it 30 days all together? ( I understand some products are to be taken for longer periods).
Another question, I have had a Nissan fundoscopy surgery in my stomach that started all my symptoms 9 years ago, I undid the surgery 7 years ago which made me intolerant to gluten, dairy etc in addition to sulfur burps … so I think your treatment will help rebuild the balance in my system but can a deregulated system cause erectile distinction? If yes, should I add something to your protocol to help treat my ED or what’s the best thing in your protocol that will help with that?
Thank you Jimmy!
The Leaky Gut Protocol is about 90 days in total but you will notice that some of the supplements will overlap somewhat. For your second question I think you will notice a great improvement in all of the symptoms you’ve mentioned! This is a constant stressor on your body which can ultimately have a negative impact on your hormones. With its resolution, I would expect to see an improvement in your ED as well.
I have an Immune Deficiency that affects my body from producing IgG as well as IgA.
Am I still able to fix my leaky gut without IgA , I understand this plays such an important role
in gut health.
Thank you for all you information I feel this is a site where I can learn so much and trust the information given!
Thank you so much for this Protocol. Just started on it and already feel a difference (I have scalp psoriasis). My question is about vitamin supplements. I was taking D3 drops, and pills of Omega 3’s, Vit B Complex and powdered Vit C, all of which I stopped. I am into the Rebuilding Phase. When can I get back onto those supplements ?
You should be able to reintroduce them now Sharon. Try adding them back in one at a time and monitoring any symptomatic changes over several days to be extra safe.
I’m taking a women’s multivitamin called Ritual, do i stop taking that while using these supplements?
I am not familiar with this supplement but it should be no problem to take along with these!
Dr Jockers:
My name is Francisco, and I’m from Portugal.
I found your website today, and I’m amazed with the huge ammount of good information that you give.
I have a leaky gut problem, which caused me an autoimmune disease called lupus.
And so, I’m interested in some of your products to start the treatment.
But first, I need to know if you can ship overseas, and if yes, I would like you to tell me if you accept the Paypal payment method.
Thanks alot for your attention…
Francisco
Thanks Francisco, yes we do accept Paypal and we do ship oversees, although most countries have extra taxes and tarrifs that we are unable to anticipate. So just be prepared for that.
Is this protocol acceptable for kids under 12?
No, I would not do the bone broth fast for young kids but you can begin with the Rebuilding phase.
I am very impressed with your protocol for leaky gut
I live in N Ireland
Been struggling with Candida Leaky Gut and Eczema for many years
I had a 3 year struggle in my late forties
And became clear
Now 61 years I’m finding difficult
I wish I could follow your protocol
But would probably need supervision
Is there anyone in my country
North or South that you would recommend
I so much know that you are treating each person individually
Such great information
Hey Karena, I would recommend looking for a functional medicine practitioner in your area! Be Blessed!
I have suffered for over ten years chronic sinusitis since. What can I do to get rid of it for good?
Hey Marty, I am sorry to hear this! This article offers natural strategies for relief: https://drjockers.com/top-8-sinus-infection-natural-remedies/
Hi Dr. Jockers,
Thank you so much for sharing this information. Everything you state here makes perfect sense. I have had many health issues since I had an episode of massive bleeding from a stomach ulcer about seven years ago. I had no health issues prior to this episode. I was in hospital for around 2 weeks. The horrendous pain and bleeding continued for 3 days and I became anaemic. I required a blood transfusion and iron infusion and just pulled through. The doctors said they tested for infection however they couldn’t identify the culprit. The only thing I can attribute to this, I volunteered during the clean up of the Brisbane floods (Australia) the week prior. I must have caught some disgusting bug when we were cleaning up. I can’t imagine how many feral things were in that water and we did wear masks, gloves, long clothing, but obviously not enough to prevent catching something in my case. I started the two year long process of tests to try and figure out what happened but other than noticing a healing stomach ulcer on an endoscopy, no actual cause was provided. A long list of health issues ensued for me. Auto immune, too many skin issues to list – eczema, keloid scarring, hives, random swellings of my face and eyes, rashes that look like burns appear on my face and neck, allergic rhinitis, dust mite allergy etc as well as many very painful digestive issues replicating the initial episode but without blood (if I started to feel an attack coming on I would make sure to drink a lot of water and if I took “Eno” this made the attack over quicker), anaemia, intolerances. I tested positive for Helicobacter Pylori about two years ago and was subsequently mass dosed on antibiotics. I fell pregnant just after and endured a terrible pregnancy resulting in Eclampsia due to uncontrollable high blood pressure and a pre-term emergency caesarean (having seizures on the operating table) at 35 weeks. At about 6 months I was started on a regime of medication to control high blood pressure. By the time I had the cesarean I counted I was taking around 65 tablets a day. My baby and I just pulled through. I spent 3 months in hospital prior to the birth and 2 months following. My baby also spent 2 months in hospital. Around 1 year later I was stung by a stone fish which resulted in being mass loaded with antibiotics again in hospital for 3 days and also upon release. 2 months after this I suffered an impacted Wisdom tooth and required large amounts of anti inflammatory pain medication due to the complicated root system. ANYWAY I’m sure you get my drift without me telling my entire life story 🙂 Two weeks ago, unsurprisingly I became extremely nauseous followed by vomiting. I was zapped of all energy. I could not even care for my 2 year old for 3 days and I’m a single mum. Back to the doctor who put me on Ondansetron for nausea and 40mg of Nexium. This has quiet obviously fixed the symptoms. Of course, a quick fix for the doc’s and out the door. I’m so sick and tired of living this horrible half life. I have been diagnosed with Depression and have been taking 100mg Sertraline for almost 2 years. I know deep down all of this medication is masking the symptoms. I know its up to me to fix myself however being a single mother not receiving any support, financially it has not been possible. My daughter has started kindergarten which has provided an opportunity for me to work and earn some money. I don’t want to take these medications anymore. I will slowly taper the antidepressants once I begin a gut regime. But I guess my one question is…do I stop taking the Nexium immediately once I begin the regime? I am aware the symptoms will most likely return and I can put up with a reasonable amount but I still need to be able to care for my daughter. Any suggestions?
Sorry to hear about this! I would highly recommend finding a functional health coach to help you: https://drjockers.com/functional-nutrition-tips-to-find-a-great-health-coach/
Thanks Dr. Jockers! Much appreciated.
Dr. Jockers
I’ve been trying to restore my Low secretory IGA for a few years using the same products mentioned. You ever post testimonies for people who have had success with some of your products and specify the related illness that they were able to overcome. I never see enough testimonies.